{"id":7730,"date":"2021-04-20T20:08:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T23:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/?p=7730"},"modified":"2023-10-26T16:28:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T19:28:11","slug":"ligacoes-quimicas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/enem\/ligacoes-quimicas","title":{"rendered":"TUDO SOBRE LIGA\u00c7\u00d5ES QU\u00cdMICAS PARA O ENEM"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ol\u00e1, vestibulande! Hoje vamos de Liga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmicas. Chega mais e entenda os principais pontos sobre esse assunto que vive pegando os alunos de surpresa no Enem. Haha<\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-cupom-cinza\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\nS\u00f3 aluno <strong>Explica\u00ea Premium<\/strong> tem acesso as <strong>provas e gabaritos<\/strong> de vestibulares de todo o Brasil.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lp.explicae.com.br\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=botaopost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quero ser aluno premium<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Afinal de contas, este \u00e9 um dos<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/enem\/o-que-mais-cai-enem\">\u00a0assuntos mais importantes para o Enem, n\u00e9?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ent\u00e3o, partiu desvendar alguns pontos para clarear suas ideias sobre este conte\u00fado?!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regra do Octeto<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ent\u00e3o, bb, nessa regra os \u00e1tomos se ligam para encontrar a <strong>estabilidade<\/strong>, ou seja, ficar com <strong>8<\/strong> el\u00e9trons na \u00faltima camada (camada de val\u00eancia) ou <strong>2<\/strong> el\u00e9trons na camada \u00a0\u00a0K(H\u00e9lio). \u00c9 como no casamento, sabe? Voc\u00ea precisa de algu\u00e9m para se sentir inteirinhe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7737 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/baby-my.gif\" alt=\"coelho-beijando\" width=\"475\" height=\"362\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7762 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o.jpg\" alt=\"atomos-estaveis\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o-610x610.jpg 610w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tabela-k-n-o-440x440.jpg 440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ah, mas fique atente porque h\u00e1 tr\u00eas tipos de liga\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas, elas se classificam em:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I\u00f4nica;<\/li>\n<li>Covalente;<\/li>\n<li>Met\u00e1lica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Agora vamos aprender como essa liga\u00e7\u00f5es ocorrem separadamente!<\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-cupom-cinza\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\nS\u00f3 aluno <strong>Explica\u00ea Premium<\/strong> tem acesso ao conte\u00fado completo e <strong>ilimitado<\/strong>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lp.explicae.com.br\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=botaopost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quero ser aluno premium<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>LIGA\u00c7\u00c3O I\u00d4NICA, HETEROPOLAR OU ELETROVALENTE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>As principais caracter\u00edsticas desse tipo de liga\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* Ocorre entre <strong>metais(+) e ametais(-)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* ocorre por t<strong>ransfer\u00eancia de el\u00e9trons.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7749 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ligacao-ionica.png\" alt=\"tranferencia-eletrons\" width=\"531\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ligacao-ionica.png 531w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ligacao-ionica-300x217.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 531px) 100vw, 531px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>* For\u00e7a <strong>Eletrost\u00e1tica<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7746 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/forca-elastica.png\" alt=\"eletrostatica\" width=\"834\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/forca-elastica.png 834w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/forca-elastica-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/forca-elastica-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/forca-elastica-610x195.png 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O <strong>NOX <\/strong>(n\u00famero de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o) \u00e9 o mesmo que carga el\u00e9trica. Nesse tipo de liga\u00e7\u00e3o, pode haver a perda ou ganho de el\u00e9trons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1A( +1 )\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a05A(- 3 )<\/p>\n<p>2A( +2 )\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a06A(- 2 \u00a0)<\/p>\n<p>3A( +3 )\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a07A(- 1 )<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OBSERVA\u00c7\u00d5ES IMPORTANTES<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7738 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bob-estudante.gif\" alt=\"entusiasmo-bob\" width=\"490\" height=\"361\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aten\u00e7\u00e3o: <\/strong>Quando o elemento <strong>hidrog\u00eanio(H)<\/strong> estiver ligado a um <strong>metal<\/strong>, ter\u00e1 nox igual a<strong> (- 1 ). <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00e3o esque\u00e7a que o <strong>hidrog\u00eanio(H)<\/strong> \u00e9 um ametal. Ele \u00e9 um g\u00e1s explosivo(<strong>H<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>), e s\u00f3 est\u00e1 localizado na fam\u00edlia 1A, porque possui um(1) el\u00e9tron na \u00faltima camada.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Propriedades dos compostos i\u00f4nicos(25\u00b0C):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00e3o <strong>s\u00f3lidos<\/strong>, formando figuras geom\u00e9tricas.<\/li>\n<li>Possuem Alto <strong>Ponto de Fus\u00e3o e Ponto de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>S\u00e3o sol\u00faveis em <strong>\u00e1gua<\/strong>, pois s\u00e3o <strong>polares<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Conduzem corrente el\u00e9trica, ou seja, s\u00e3o eletr\u00f3litos, quando est\u00e3o no estado <strong>fundidos<\/strong>(l\u00edquido) ou em solu\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<strong>aquosa.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7760 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/propriedades.png\" alt=\"solucao-aquosa\" width=\"414\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/propriedades.png 414w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/propriedades-300x192.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7743 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cation.png\" alt=\"metalico-cristalina\" width=\"353\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cation.png 353w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cation-300x261.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aten\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Todo <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A1tion\">c\u00e1tion<\/a> met\u00e1lico em uma estrutura cristalina est\u00e1 rodeado por <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%82nions\">\u00e2nions<\/a>. O n\u00famero de \u00e2nions que podem se colocar ao redor do c\u00e1tion met\u00e1lico, sendo por ele coordenado, chama-se <strong>n\u00famero de coordena\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> (NC).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>LIGA\u00c7\u00c3O MOLECULAR OU COVALENTE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>As principais caracter\u00edsticas dessa liga\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* Ocorre entre <strong>ametais( &#8211; )<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* Ocorre por <strong>compartilhamento de el\u00e9trons.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* For\u00e7as <strong>Intermoleculares.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7744 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/covalente.png\" alt=\"intermoleculares\" width=\"218\" height=\"178\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Este s\u00e3o os tipos de liga\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong>. Podendo ser <strong>simples, dupla ou tripla.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dativa<\/strong> ou coordenada (\u2192 = <strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0 )<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Agora, bb, veja como ocorre a pedra do Octeto!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Obs.:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* O <strong>Ber\u00edlio(Be)<\/strong> se estabiliza com <strong>4<\/strong> el\u00e9trons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7769\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/be-cento-oito-300x69.png\" alt=\"giro-cento\" width=\"300\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/be-cento-oito-300x69.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/be-cento-oito.png 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>* O <strong>Boro(B)<\/strong> se estabiliza com \u00a0<strong>6<\/strong> el\u00e9trons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/be-cento-e-vinte.png\" alt=\"cento-e-vinte\" width=\"245\" height=\"241\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>GEOMETRIA MOLECULAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 o estudo de como os \u00e1tomos est\u00e3o distribu\u00eddos <strong>espacialmente<\/strong> em uma mol\u00e9cula. Esta pode assumir v\u00e1rias formas geom\u00e9tricas, dependendo dos \u00e1tomos que a comp\u00f5em. As principais classifica\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o <strong>linear, angular, trigonal plana, trigonal piramidal e tetra\u00e9drica.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dois \u00e1tomos: Linear : H<sub>2<\/sub>, O<sub>2<\/sub>, HBr <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00eas \u00e1tomos: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u00e1 dois tipos:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Linear (n\u00e3o sobra el\u00e9trons no \u00e1tomo central)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ex.: CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7751\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/linha.png\" alt=\"linha-geometrica\" width=\"286\" height=\"181\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7754\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/molecular-300x116.png\" alt=\"linear-eletrons\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/molecular-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/molecular-400x156.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/molecular.png 405w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ou Angular (sobram el\u00e9trons no \u00e1tomo central)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ex.: H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7759 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/palhaco.png\" alt=\"eletrons-ligantes\" width=\"374\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/palhaco.png 374w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/palhaco-300x211.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quatro \u00e1tomos: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>* <\/strong>Podemos ter dois tipos:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trigonal Plana (n\u00e3o sobra el\u00e9trons no \u00e1tomo central)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ex.: BF<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7764 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/trigonal.png\" alt=\"plana-central\" width=\"650\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/trigonal.png 650w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/trigonal-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/trigonal-610x376.png 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ou Trigonal Piramidal(sobra el\u00e9trons no \u00e1tomo central)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ex.: NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7755 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/n-h-tres.png\" alt=\"tetaedrica\" width=\"334\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/n-h-tres.png 334w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/n-h-tres-300x294.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cinco \u00e1tomos: <\/strong>Tetra\u00e9drica<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ex.: . CH<sub>4<\/sub>, CCl<sub>4<\/sub>,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7740 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/c-h-quatro.png\" alt=\"cento-e-nove\" width=\"421\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/c-h-quatro.png 421w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/c-h-quatro-300x278.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>OBS.: CASOS PARTICULARES:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bipiramidal <\/strong>: PCl<sub>5<\/sub><\/li>\n<li><strong>Octa\u00e9drica <\/strong>: SF<sub>6<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7756 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/octaedrico.png\" alt=\"bipiramidal\" width=\"313\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/octaedrico.png 313w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/octaedrico-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7763 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tres-d.png\" alt=\"octaedrica\" width=\"359\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tres-d.png 359w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tres-d-300x270.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>POLARIDADE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 quando 2 ou mais <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%81tomo\">\u00e1tomos<\/a><\/strong> se unem em uma <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica\">liga\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica<\/a><\/strong>, se os <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El%C3%A9tron\">el\u00e9trons<\/a><\/strong> desta liga\u00e7\u00e3o tenderem a ficar a maior parte do tempo em volta de um \u00e1tomo ou grupo prefencialmente ao outro, \u00e9 criado um dipolo el\u00e9trico.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>* Liga\u00e7\u00e3o(\u0394E): Eletronegatividade<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>* Mol\u00e9cula(<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong>): Momento Polar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Liga\u00e7\u00e3o Apolar(\u0394E = 0) e Mol\u00e9cula Apolar(<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong> = 0)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; Elementos Iguais.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ex.: O<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>, Br<sub>2<\/sub>, &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Liga\u00e7\u00e3o Polar (\u0394E \u2260 0 ) e Mol\u00e9cula Polar(<\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong> \u2260 0)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Elementos Diferentes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ex.: HBr, HCl, H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>SE LIGA!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Compostos que possuem <strong>liga\u00e7\u00f5es polares<\/strong>, mas a <strong>mol\u00e9cula \u00e9 apolar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ex.: CO<sub>2<\/sub> , CH<sub>4<\/sub> , CCl<sub>4<\/sub> , BeH<sub>2<\/sub>, BF<sub>3<\/sub>, SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>CUIDADO: O Oz\u00f4nio(O<sub>3<\/sub>) \u00e9 polar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7757\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ozonio.png\" alt=\"polar\" width=\"272\" height=\"235\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7758 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ozonio-junto.png\" alt=\"ozonio-polar\" width=\"535\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ozonio-junto.png 535w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ozonio-junto-300x110.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>FOR\u00c7AS INTERMOLECULARES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u00e3o for\u00e7as que mant\u00eam as <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mol%C3%A9cula\">mol\u00e9culas<\/a> unidas umas com as outras. \u00c0 exce\u00e7\u00e3o dos <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plasma\">plasmas<\/a>, toda a <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mat%C3%A9ria\">mat\u00e9ria<\/a> \u00e9 composta de <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%81tomo\">\u00e1tomo<\/a> combinados em mol\u00e9culas.<strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-cupom-cinza\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\nS\u00f3 aluno <strong>Explica\u00ea Premium<\/strong> tem acesso a <strong>d\u00favidas ilimitadas<\/strong>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lp.explicae.com.br\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=botaopost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quero ser aluno premium<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Dipolo-Induzido ou Dipolos-instant\u00e2neos ou For\u00e7a de London<\/strong>(<strong><em>Van Der Waals<\/em><\/strong>):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>quando a mol\u00e9cula \u00e9 APOLAR.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ex.: O<sub>2<\/sub>, P<sub>4<\/sub>, S<sub>8<\/sub>, CO<sub>2<\/sub>, CH<sub>4<\/sub>,&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Dipolo-permanente, Dipolos, dipolo-dipolo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>quando a mol\u00e9cula \u00e9 POLAR.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ex.: HBr, HCl, CO, &#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>LIGA\u00c7\u00d5ES DE HIDROG\u00caNIO<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>quando o elemento HIDROG\u00caNIO estiver ligado a F, O, N.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ex.: H<sub>2<\/sub>O, HF, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, &#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7750 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ligacoes-hidrogenio.png\" alt=\"hidrogenio\" width=\"525\" height=\"595\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ligacoes-hidrogenio.png 525w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ligacoes-hidrogenio-265x300.png 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>SOLUBILIDADE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 a <strong>quantidade m\u00e1xima<\/strong> que uma <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subst%C3%A2ncia\">subst\u00e2ncia<\/a><\/strong> pode dissolver-se num <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADquido\">l\u00edquido<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Na solubilidade, o car\u00e1ter <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polaridade_molecular\">polar ou apolar<\/a><\/strong> da mol\u00e9cula influi muito, j\u00e1 que, devido a polaridade das subst\u00e2ncias, estas ser\u00e3o mais ou menos sol\u00faveis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* Considerado <strong>Solvente universal<\/strong>: \u00c1GUA(H<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polar se dissolve em Polar<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Apolar se dissolve em Apolar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ex.: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; Polar: H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>Apolar: Hidrocarbonetos, Petr\u00f3leo, CO<sub>2<\/sub>, BeH<sub>2<\/sub> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NUNCA ESQUE\u00c7A!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7747 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/forget-dont.gif\" alt=\"nao-esqueca\" width=\"574\" height=\"328\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>O petr\u00f3leo \u00e9 um hidrocarboneto <strong>APOLAR<\/strong>, por isso ele e seus derivados s\u00e3o INSOL\u00daVEIS em <strong>\u00e1gua.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ORDEM CRESCENTE DE FOR\u00c7AS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>INTERMOLECULARES(-)(-) <strong>&lt; <\/strong>\u00a0I\u00d4NICAS(+)(-)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aten\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For\u00e7as Intermoleculares:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dipolo-Induzido &lt; Dipolos &lt; Liga\u00e7\u00f5es de Hidrog\u00eanio &lt; I\u00f4nica<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>LIGA\u00c7\u00c3O MET\u00c1LICA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>As principais caracter\u00edsticas s\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* Ocorre entre METAIS(\u00a0 +\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ).<\/p>\n<p>* Presen\u00e7a de El\u00e9trons Livres (Nuvem Eletr\u00f4nica).<\/p>\n<p>* Formam\u00a0 <strong>LIGAS MET\u00c1LICAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7770\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/eletrons-300x242.png\" alt=\"livres-atomos\" width=\"300\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/eletrons-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/eletrons.png 560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7745\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/eletrons-livres-300x245.png\" alt=\"ions-livres\" width=\"300\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/eletrons-livres-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/eletrons-livres.png 584w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>LIGAS MET\u00c1LICAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u00e3o misturas s\u00f3lidas de dois ou mais <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico\">elementos<\/a>, sendo que <strong>a totalidade (ou pelo menos a maior parte<\/strong>) dos at\u00f3mos presentes \u00e9 de elementos <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metal\">met\u00e1licos<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u00e7o = Fe + C, em que h\u00e1 <strong>ferro (95%) e carbono (1,5%)e outros tra\u00e7os.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel = Fe + C + Ni + Cr, em que h\u00e1 <strong>cromo (18%) e Ni (8%)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Bronze Cu + Sn<\/li>\n<li>Lat\u00e3o Cu + Zn<\/li>\n<li>Lata Fe + Zn<\/li>\n<li>Am\u00e1lgama dental Hg + Na + Sn<\/li>\n<li>Ouro 18 quilates Au + Ag + Cu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7733\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aco-300x253.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aco-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aco.png 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7736\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/anel-300x266.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/anel-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/anel.png 305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7735\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/amalgama-300x254.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/amalgama-300x254.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/amalgama.png 311w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7734\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aco-inoxidavel-300x251.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aco-inoxidavel-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/aco-inoxidavel.png 309w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7739\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bronze-300x256.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bronze-300x256.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bronze.png 308w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7748\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/latao-300x255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/latao-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/latao.png 310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-7752\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/metal-wood-300x260.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/metal-wood-300x260.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/metal-wood.png 311w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>CONDU\u00c7\u00c3O DE CORRENTE EL\u00c9TRICA<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I\u00f4nicos:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa (aq )<\/li>\n<li>fundido( l\u00a0 )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moleculares:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e3o conduzem corrente, exceto os \u00e1cidos, mas se estiverem em solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa( aq\u00a0 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Met\u00e1licos:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00f3lidos(s)<\/li>\n<li>Fundidos (l)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00c3O ESQUE\u00c7A!<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1gua pura(destilada) <strong><em>n\u00e3o<\/em><\/strong> conduz eletricidade, apesar de apresentar os \u00edons H<sup>+<\/sup> e OH<sup>&#8211; <\/sup><strong>(pouco dissociado)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grafite<\/strong> ou <strong>grafita<\/strong> \u00e9 um <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mineral\">mineral<\/a><\/strong>, um dos <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al%C3%B3tropo\">al\u00f3tropos<\/a><\/strong> do <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbono\">carbono<\/a><\/strong>. Ao contr\u00e1rio do <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diamante\">diamante<\/a><\/strong>, a grafite \u00e9 um <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condutor_el%C3%A9trico\">condutor<\/a><\/strong>, e pode ser usado, por exemplo, como o eletrodos de uma l\u00e2mpada el\u00e9trica de arco voltaico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Galera, espero que tenha aproveitado muito esse conte\u00fado!<\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-cupom-cinza\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\nS\u00f3 aluno <strong>Explica\u00ea Premium<\/strong> tem acesso a <strong>d\u00favidas ilimitadas<\/strong>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lp.explicae.com.br\/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=botaopost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quero ser aluno premium<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Ah, e n\u00e3o se esque\u00e7a de ficar de olho nos nossos pr\u00f3ximos blogs sobre os pontos mais importantes de cada assunto de cada mat\u00e9ria para a prova do Enem! Haha<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7761 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/se-liga-ai.gif\" alt=\"xau\" width=\"392\" height=\"360\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ol\u00e1, vestibulande! Hoje vamos de Liga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmicas. Chega mais e entenda os principais pontos sobre esse assunto que vive pegando os alunos de surpresa no Enem. Haha Afinal de contas, este \u00e9 um dos\u00a0assuntos mais importantes para o Enem, n\u00e9? Ent\u00e3o, partiu desvendar alguns pontos para clarear suas ideias sobre este conte\u00fado?! &nbsp; Regra do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,43],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7730"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7730"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20338,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7730\/revisions\/20338"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.explicae.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}